SANDSTORM PORTFOLIO

Set forth below is a summary of the interests added to Royal Gold’s portfolio upon Royal Gold’s acquisitions of Sandstorm Gold Ltd. and Horizon Copper Corp. on October 20, 2025. This summary, which is based on public disclosure by Sandstorm and Horizon before October 20, 2025, is abbreviated and may omit qualifications, conditions, exclusions, sliding scales, price participation, buy-downs, step-ins, caps/floors, areas of interest, or other material terms.

Royal Gold is in the process of evaluating the portfolio of interests acquired through its acquisitions of Sandstorm and Horizon, and following the completion of such evaluation, Royal Gold intends to incorporate such interests on its website under “Our Portfolio.” Until such time, readers are cautioned that the information in the summary below remains subject to change, which changes may be material.

ProJECT OPERATOR STAGE Commodity  Country Current termS (as of June 30, 2025)
AntaminaCompañia Minera Antamina SAProducingCu, Zn, Mo, Pb, AgPeru 1.66% Ag @ 2.5% spot; 0.55% NPI
(With the acquisition of Sandstorm Gold and Horizon Copper, Royal Gold will hold a 1.66% NPI)
AurizonaEquinox Gold Corp. Producing Au Brazil3.0%–5.0% NSR
Black FoxMcEwen Inc. Producing Au Canada 8% Au @ $613/oz
BlyvoorAuroous Resources Producing Au South Africa 10% Au @ $572/oz
Bonikro Allied Gold CorporationProducing Au, Ag Cote d'Ivoire6% Au @ $400/oz
CaseronesLundin Mining Corporation ProducingCu, Mo Chile 0.63% NSR
Cerro MoroPan American Silver Corp.ProducingAu, AgArgentina20% Ag @ 30% spot
Cerro PrietoGoldgroup Mining Inc.ProducingAu, Ag, Zn, PbMexico2.0% NSR
CEZincGlencore plcProducingZnCanada1% of Zn @ 20% spot until Jun. 2030 or 68 Mlbs
ChapadaLundin Mining CorporationProducingAu, Ag, CuBrazil4.2% Cu @ 30% spot
Copper MountainHudbay Minerals Inc.ProducingAu, Ag, CuCanada5.0% NSR Cu; 2.5% NSR other metals capped $10M on future royalty proceeds
CoringaSerabi Gold plcProducingAu, AgBrazil2.5% NSR
CosaláAmericas Gold and Silver CorporationProducingAg, Zn, Pb, CuMexico2.5% NSR until $4M paid back; 0.2% NSR thereafter
DiavikRio Tinto GroupProducingDiamondsCanada1.0% GPR
Don NicolasCerrado Gold Inc.ProducingAu, AgArgentina$3/oz Au up to $2M
EmigrantNewmont CorporationProducingAuUSA1.5% NSR
Fruta del NorteLundin Gold Inc.ProducingAu, AgEcuador0.9% NSR
GalenaAmericas Gold and Silver CorporationProducingAg, Cu, PbUSA2.5% NSR until $4M paid back; 0.2% NSR thereafter
GreenstoneEquinox Gold Corp.ProducingAuCanada2.375% Au @ 20% spot
GualcamayoEris LLCProducingAuArgentina1.0-3.0% NSR (on oxides, capped at $50M); 2.5% NSR (on Deep Carbonates Project), $30M Producing Payment for Deep Carbonates Project (one-time)
HM ClaimAgnico Eagle Mines LimitedProducingAuCanada2.0% NSR
HoundéEndeavour Mining plcProducingAuBurkina Faso2.0% NSR
IvrindiTümad Madencilik San.ve Ticaret A.Ş.ProducingAuTürkiye2.0% NSR
KarmaNéré MiningProducingAuBurkina Faso1.625% Au @ 20% spot
Las CalandriasCerrado Gold Inc.ProducingAu, AgArgentina2.0% NSR
MercedesBear Creek Mining Corp.ProducingAu, AgMexicoAu: 14.3 koz Au from Jan. 2024 to Apr. 2028; Ag: Nil deliveries from Jan. 2024 to Apr. 2028
Mine Waste SolutionsHarmony Gold Mining Company LimitedProducingAu, USouth Africa1.0% NSR
MossMako Mining Corp.ProducingAu, AgUSA0.5%-3.0% NSR
Relief CanyonAmericas Gold and Silver CorporationProducingAu, AgUSA32 koz Au over 5.5 yrs; 4% Au/Ag @ 30%-65% spot thereafter; 1.4-2.8% NSR
Riacho dos Machados (RDM)Equinox Gold Corp.ProducingAu, AgBrazil1.0% NSR on Au; 2.0% NSR on all other metals
San FranciscoMagna Gold Corp.ProducingAuMexico3,300 oz Au over 4 yrs; 1.0% NSR thereafter
Santa ElenaFirst Majestic Silver Corp.ProducingAu, AgMexico20% Au Stream @ $487/oz
Serra Leste (Northern System)Vale S.A.ProducingFeBrazil0.05% Net Fe Sales Royalty
Serra Norte (Northern System)Vale S.A.ProducingFeBrazil0.05% Net Fe Sales Royalty
Serra Sul (Northern System)Vale S.A.ProducingFeBrazil0.05% Net Fe Sales Royalty
SossegoVale S.A.ProducingAu, CuBrazil0.03% Net Au/Cu Sales Royalty
South ArturoBarrick Mining CorporationProducingAu, AgUSA40% Ag @ 20% spot (existing mineralized areas), 20% Ag @ 20% spot (new discoveries)
Thunder Creek and 144 ZonePan American Silver Corp.ProducingAuCanada1.0% NSR
Triangle ZoneEldorado Gold CorporationProducingAuCanada2.0% NSR
WoodlawnDevelop Global LimitedProducingZn, Cu, Pb, Ag, AuAustralia80% Ag @ $0/oz (A$27M cap); A$1M/1.0 Mt tailings ore processed (A$1M cap)
Agi DagiAlamos Gold Inc.DevelopmentAu, AgTürkiyeUS$6M Production Bonus (one-time)
BarryBonterra Resources Inc.DevelopmentAuCanada0.5%-1.0% NSR; 3.9% NSR
Bayan KhundiiErdene Resource Development Corp.DevelopmentAu, Ag, Zn, PbMongolia1.0% NSR
Chapada (Suruca deposit)Lundin Mining CorporationDevelopmentAuBrazil2.0% NSR
CoraniBear Creek Mining Corp.DevelopmentAg, Pb, ZnPeru1.0% NSR
Gladiator (West Arena)Bonterra Resources Inc.DevelopmentAuCanada1.0% NSR
Gold Bar (Cabin Creek)McEwen Inc.DevelopmentAuUSA10% NPI
Gum Creek (Howards & Orion)Horizon Gold LimitedDevelopmentAuAustraliaA$10oz
Hod MadenSSR Mining Inc.DevelopmentAu, CuTürkiye20% Au @ 50% spot until 405koz; 12% Au @ 60% spot thereafter; 2.0% NSR (With the acquisition of Sandstorm Gold and Horizon Copper, Royal Gold will hold a 2.0% NSR and a 30% non-operating interest)
Horne 5Falco Resources Ltd.DevelopmentAu, Cu, Zn, Ag, NiCanada2.0% NSR
Hugo North ExtensionRio Tinto Group / Entrée Resources Ltd.DevelopmentAu, Ag, Cu, Mo Mongolia4.47% Au @ $220/oz; 4.47% Ag @ $5/oz; 0.33% Cu @ $0.50/lb
Itabira (Southeastern System)Vale S.A. Development Fe Brazil 0.05% Net Fe Sales Royalty (after threshold) 
Kirazli Alamos Gold Inc. Development Au, Ag TürkiyeUS$2.5M Production Bonus (one-time)
Lobo-MarteKinross Gold CorporationDevelopmentAuChile1.05% NSR
MARAGlencore plcDevelopmentAu, Ag, Cu, MoArgentina0.25% NSR
Mariana (Southeastern System)Vale S.A.DevelopmentFeBrazil0.05% Net Fe Sales Royalty (after threshold)
Minas Centrais (Southeastern System)Vale S.A.Development Fe Brazil 0.05% Net Fe Sales Royalty (after threshold)
Montagne d'OrOrea Mining Corp.DevelopmentAuFrench Guiana 1.0% NSR 
Moroy / Bachelor Bonterra Resources Inc. Development Au Canada 3.9%-4.9% NSR
Mt. HamiltonWaterton Global Resource Management LPDevelopmentAu, AgUSA2.4% NSR
North TimminsGowest Gold Ltd.DevelopmentAuCanada1.0% GSR
PlatreefIvanhoe Mines Ltd. Development Pt, Pd, Au, Rh, Ni, Cu South Africa 37.5% Au until 131 koz @ $100/oz 
Red RabbitZenit Madencilik San. ve Tic. A.S.
DevelopmentAu, Ag Türkiye
1.0% NSR
Robertson (Cortez Complex)Barrick Mining Corporation Development Au, Ag USA 1.0%-2.25% NSR 
Seymour LakeGreen Technology Metals Limited Development Li Canada 1.5% NSR 
TroilusTroilus Gold Corp. Development Au, Cu, Ag Canada 1.0% NSR 
Abu MarawatAton Resources Inc. Advanced Exploration Au Egypt 1.0% NSR 
Alemao Vale S.A. Advanced Exploration Au, Cu Brazil 0.06% Net Au/Cu Sales Royalty 
Altan NarErdene Resource Development Corp.Advanced ExplorationAu, Ag, Zn, PbMongolia1.0% NSR
Alto ParánáUranium Energy Corp. Advanced Exploration Titanium Paráguay 1.0% NSR
AngilakAtha Energy Corp. Advanced Exploration U, Ag, Mo, Cu Canada 1.0% NSR 
BlendeBlende Silver Corp. Advanced Exploration Zn, Pb, Ag Canada 2.0% NSR 
Cadillac BreakAgnico Eagle Mines Limited Advanced Exploration Au Canada 1.0% NSR 
Gcwihaba Tsodilo Resources Ltd. Advanced Exploration Fe, Cu, Ni, Co, Zn, Au Botswana 1.0% NSR 
GoldwedgeScorpio Gold Corp. Advanced Exploration Au USA 2.0% NSR 
HerugaRio Tinto Gorup /  Entrée Resources Ltd.Advanced ExplorationAu, Ag, Cu, MoMongolia 3.39% Au @ $220/oz; 3.39% Ag @ $5/oz; 0.33% Cu @ $0.50/lb 
Long LakeCanterra Minerals Corporation Advanced Exploration Zn, Cu, Pb, Au, Ag Canada 2.0% NSR 
MelSilver Range Resources Ltd.Advanced ExplorationZn, Pb, BariteCanada1.0% NSR
North TelferAntipa Minerals LimitedAdvanced ExplorationAu, Cu, CoAustralia1.0% NSR
OmaiOmai Gold Mines Corp.Advanced ExplorationAuGuyana1.0% NSR
Pickle CrowFireFly Metals Ltd.Advanced ExplorationAuCanada0.5% NSR
Point LeamingtonCallinex Mines Inc.Advanced ExplorationAu, Zn, Cu, Ag, PbCanada1.5% NSR
Pony Creek Orla Mining Ltd. Advanced Exploration Au USA 3.0% NSR 
Ruddock Creek Imperial Metals Corporation Advanced Exploration Pb, Zn Canada 1.0% NSR 
South Tally/LemarchantCanterra Minerals Corporation Advanced Exploration Zn, Au, Ag, Cu, Pb Canada 2.0% NSR 
Tsacha (Tommy Vein)Independence Gold Corp.Advanced Exploration Au, Ag Canada 2.0% NSR 
Tulks SouthCanterra Minerals Corporation Advanced Exploration Zn, Pb, Cu, Ag, Au Canada 2.0% NSR 
WhistlerGoldMining Inc. Advanced Exploration Au, Ag, Cu USA 2.0% NPI 
YusufeliAkdeniz Resources Madencilik A.S.Advanced Exploration Au, Pb, Zn, Ag, Cu Türkiye 2.0% NSR Au; 1.75% NSR other metals 
Abitibi/Sarah Lake Fjordland Exploration Inc. Exploration Ni, Cu, Co Canada 1.0% NSR 
Adi Da-iroSun Peak Metals Corp. Exploration Au, Cu Ethopia 1.0% NSR 
AkoradeStar Goldfields Ltd. Exploration Au Ghana 1.0% NSR 
Altan ArrowErdene Resource Development Corp.
ExplorationAu, Ag, Zn, Pb Mongolia 1.0% NSR 
Altintepe Bahar Madencilik Sanayi ve Ticaret ExplorationAu, Ag Türkiye 1.5% NSR
AmapariMineracao Amapari S.A. Exploration  Brazil 3.0% NSR 
AmeliaXimen Mining Corp. Exploration  Canada 2.0% NSR 
ArgosyPinnacle Silver and Gold Corp. Exploration AuCanada 0.5% NSR 
ArrowRaiden Resources Ltd. Exploration Au Australia 1.0% NSR 
Ashby Silver North Resources Ltd. Exploration Au USA 1.0% NSR 
Aurizona GreenfieldsEquinox Gold Corp. Exploration Au Brazil 2.0% NSR 
AuroraKlondex Aurora Mine Inc. Exploration  USA 2.0% NSR 
Ball CreekKingfisher Metals Corp. Exploration Cu, Au, Ag, Mo Canada 2.0% NSR 
Big BulkLCT Holdings Inc. Exploration  Canada 1.5% NSR 
Big W Barrick Gold US Inc. Exploration  USA 3.0% NSR 
Blue QuartzMcLaren Resources Inc. Exploration Au Canada 0.5% NSR 
BobossoMontage Gold Corp. Exploration Au Cote d'Ivoire 1.0% NSR 
BondoukouNexus Gold Corp. Exploration Au Cote d'Ivoire 2.0% NSR
BongouPredictive Discovery Ltd.ExplorationAuBurkina Faso1.0% NSR
BouboulouNexus Gold Corp.ExplorationAuBurkina Faso1.0% NSR
BoxFortune Bay Corp.ExplorationAuCanada1.5% NSR
Bracemac-McLeodGlencore plcExplorationZn, Cu, Au, AgCanada3.0% NSR
Broulan ReefEvolution Mining Gold Operations Ltd.Exploration Canada2.0% NSR
Bungalbin Mineral Resources Inc.Exploration  Australia 3.5% NSR 
Butterfly LakeThesis Gold Inc. Exploration  Canada 0.71% GOR 
CamporoFPX Nickel Corp. Exploration Au, Ag Honduras 0.4%-1.2% NSR 
CaprichoCopper Standard Resources Inc. Exploration  Peru 1.0% NSR 
CelesteMarimaca Copper Corp. Exploration  Chile 3.0% NSR 
ChavinCondor Resources Inc. Exploration  Peru 0.5% NSR 
Copper Cliff Rio Tinto Group Exploration  USA 1.5% NSR 
CT Kreft Resources Ltd. Exploration  Canada 0.75% NSR 
Dixie FlatsOrla Mining Ltd. Exploration  USA 2.0% NSR 
Dixie LakeRenegade Gold Inc.ExplorationAuCanada1.0% NSR
DuchessRenegade Gold Inc. Exploration Au Canada 0.5% NSR 
East My-Ritt Agnico Eagle Mines Limited Exploration  Canada 0.5% NSR 
El PlacerGR Silver Mining Ltd. Exploration Au, Ag, Pb, Zn Mexico 1.0% NSR 
Emma & SilvaCarlin Gold USA Exploration  USA 3.0% NSR 
EnglishRenegade Gold Inc. Exploration Au Canada 0.5% NSR 
EurekaPacific Ridge Exploration Inc. Exploration  Canada 1.0% NSR 
Forrest Kerr Aben Gold Corp. Exploration Au Canada 0.5%-1.0% NSR 
ForrestaniaIGO Limited Exploration Ni Australia 1.0% GRR 
FostungUAMY Cobalt Corporation Exploration Tungsten Canada 1.0% NSR 
Francisco MarsanoLeda Resources Exploration  USA 1.0% NSR 
Frontline 1Renegade Gold Inc. Exploration Au Canada 0.5% NSR 
GatitaCompañia Menera Potosi S.A.Exploration Peru1.0% NSR
Gold BridgeBlackstone Minerals LimitedExplorationCo, AuCanada1.0% NSR
Gold CapPacific Ridge Exploration Ltd.Exploration Canada1.0% NSR
Gold HawkAgnico Eagle Mines LimitedExplorationAuCanada2.0% NSR
Golden CloudKlondex Hollister Mine Inc.Exploration USA3.0% NSR
Golden LoonRenegade Gold Inc.ExplorationAuCanada1.0% NSR
GoldstormSeabridge Gold Inc.Exploration USA1.5%
Gordon CreekGordon Creek Energy Inc.Exploration USA10% GOR
GullrockRenegade Gold Inc.ExplorationAuCanada0.5% NSR
HartJi Lin Ji En Nickel Industry Co.ExplorationNi, CuCanada1.0% NSR
HasandagiNewmont Altin Madencilik Ltd. Şirketi Exploration  Türkiye 2.0%NSR 
Hit Rackla Metals Inc. Exploration Au Canada 2.0% NSR 
Huiñac Punta
Condor Resources Inc. Exploration  Peru0.5% NSR 
Huiniccasa Volcan Compañía Minera S.A.A.Exploration Peru1.25% NSR 
Iron Horse Sokoman Iron Corp. Exploration Iron OreCanada 1.0% NSR 
Joannès Lake Bullion Gold Resources Corp. Exploration Au Canada 2.0% NSR 
JustinAben Gold Corp. Exploration Au Canada 2.0% NSR 
Kalium CanyonGreen Light Metals Inc. Exploration Au USA 1.0% NSR 
Karaağaç
 Anadolu Export Maden Sanayi ve Ticaret Limited ŞirketiExplorationAu Türkiye 1.5% NSR 
Keno HillHecla Mining Company Exploration Au, Ag, Zn, Pb Canada 25% NPI 
KM61Antler Gold Inc. Exploration Ag, Cu, Mo Canada 0.25% NSR 
La CeciliaRiverside Resources Inc. Exploration Au, Ag Mexico 1.0%-1.5% NSR 
La UnionRiverside Resources Inc. Exploration  Mexico 1.0%-1.5% NSR 
Lac Manitou EGR Exploration Ltd. Exploration  Canada 1.0% NSR 
LeinsterFuture Battery Minerals Ltd. Exploration Ni, Au Australia 2.5% NSR 
Lorrain Kuya Silver Corporation Exploration Co Canada 2.0% NSR 
Los CisnesCerrado Gold Inc. Exploration Au, Ag Argentina 2.0% NSR 
Los Cuarentas Riverside Resources Inc. Exploration  Mexico 1.0%-1.5% NSR 
Los TambosCopper Standard Resources Inc. Exploration  Peru 1.0% NSR 
Los Verdes (Bacanora)Minera Alamos Inc.ExplorationAg, Cu, MoMexico2.0% NSR
LuceroElement 79 Gold Corp.ExplorationAuPeru0.5% NSR
MagmontDoe Run Resources CorporationExplorationZn, Pb, CuUSA1.25% NSR
MainstreetGold Fields LimitedExploration Canada1.2% NSR
Mammoth KohinoorBig Springs GoldExploration USA3.0% NSR
Mann LakeBasin Uranium Corp.ExplorationUCanada2.5% NSR
Marathon (Bermuda)Generation Mining LimitedExplorationPd, Pt, Fe, Ti, Cu, AuCanada0.5% NSR
MarioAgnico Eagle Mines LimitedExploration Zn, Pb, Ag Peru 2.0% NSR 
MeliSun Peak Minerals Corp.ExplorationAu, Ag, CuEthiopia1.0% NSR
More CreekTower Resources Ltd.Exploration
Canada2.0% NSR
MuratdagiKenz Enerji ve Madencilik San. Ve Tic. A.S.Exploration  Türkiye2.0% NSR
NassauMiata Metals Corp.ExplorationAuSuriname0.5%-1.0% NSR
NechakoTower Resources Ltd.ExplorationAu, Ag, Cu, ZnCanada2.0% NSR
NefasitSun Peak Metals Corp.ExplorationAu, CuEthiopia1.0% NSR
New AftonNew Gold Inc.Exploration Canada2.0% NSR
Newman-MadsenWest Red Lake Gold Mines Ltd.ExplorationAuCanada0.5% NSR
NiangouelaNexus Gold Corp.ExplorationAuBurkina Faso1.0% NSR
North StarOrla Mining Ltd.Exploration USA3.0% NSR
NT GreenSSR Mining Inc.Exploration USA0.5%-2.0% NSR
OdiennéAwalé Resources LimitedExploration Cote d'Ivoire2.0% NSR
PacaskaCopper Standard Resources Inc.Exploration Peru1.0% NSR
Paco OrcoCopper Standard Resources Inc. Exploration  Peru 1.0% NSR 
PakwashRenegade Gold Inc. Exploration Au Canada 1.0% NSR 
PucamayoCondor Resources Inc. Exploration  Peru 0.5% NSR 
Rabbit NorthTower Resources Ltd.Exploration Au, Cu Canada 2.0% NSR 
RainNewmont Corporation Exploration Au USA 1.5% NSR 
RakoungaNexus Gold Corp. Exploration Au Burkina Faso 1.0% NSR 
RF #1-8 (Railroad)Orla Mining Ltd. Exploration Au USA 3.0% NSR 
Rio Novo North/South Rio Minas Mineracao S.A.Exploration  Brazil 0.75% NSR 
Rochester (Expansion)Coeur Mining Inc. Exploration  USA 3.0% NSR 
SaintsFuture Battery Minerals Ltd. Exploration Ni, Au Australia 2.5% NSR 
San Javier Canuc Resources Corp. Exploration Au, Ag Mexico 1.0%-1.5% NSR 
San MartinCondor Resources Corp. Exploration  Peru 0.5% NSR 
Santa ReniaKlondex Hollister Mine Inc. Exploration  USA 3.0% NSR 
Schaft Creek NorthTeck Resources Limited Exploration Au, Ag, Cu, Mo Canada 2.0% NSR 
ScotiaFuture Battery Minerals Ltd. Exploration Ni Australia 2.5% NSR 
Serra Pelada Colossus Minerals Inc. Exploration Au, Pt, Pd Brazil 2.0% NSR 
SheernessWestmoreland Coal Company Exploration Coal Canada 5.0% GRR 
Shotgun TNR Gold Corp. Exploration Au USA 5.0% NPI 
Sierrra BlancaUnico Silver Limited Exploration  Argentina 2.0% NSR 
SkinnerProsper Gold Corp. Exploration  Canada 7.5% NPI 
Summit LakeCopper Lake Resources Ltd. Exploration  Canada 1.9% NSR 
TamiSkeena Resources Limited Exploration  Canada 2.0% NSR 
TempetouPredictive Discovery Ltd. Exploration Au Burkina Faso 1.0% NSR 
Ten Mile CreekBernie Kreft Exploration  Canada 1.5% NSR 
TererSun Peak Metals Corp.Exploration Au Ethiopia 1.0% NSR 
Tilly Renegade Gold Inc. Exploration Au Canada 0.5% NSR 
TombulElaziğ Baskil Madencilik A.S. Exploration  Türkiye2.0% NSR 
ToySSR Mining Inc. Exploration  USA0.5%-2.0% NSR 
Treasure HillTreasure Hill Resources LLC Exploration  USA 1.0% NSR 
UlaanErdene Resource Development Corp. ExplorationAu, Ag, Zn, PbMongolia 1.0% NSR 
ValdoraAgnico Eagle Mines Limited Exploration Au Canada 1.0% NSR 
Van StoneEquinox Resources (WASH) Inc.Exploration  USA 1.5% NSR 
Villa UnionGR Silver Mining Ltd. Exploration Au, Ag Mexico 1.0% NSR 
WaconichiBrunswick Exploration Inc. Exploration  Canada 1.0% NSR 
WoodruffOrla Mining Ltd. Exploration  USA 4.0% NSR 
WrigleyDevonian Metals Inc. Exploration  Canada 2.0% NSR 
YandicooginaDarren White Exploration AuAustralia 1.0% NSR 
YaucoGR Silver Mining Ltd.ExplorationAu, AgMexico1.0% NSR